The ethanol blending programme in India involves two key pha
The ethanol blending programme in India involves two key phases:
1. Initiation — Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government
• The policy was first introduced in 2001–2002 during the Vajpayee government.
• In 2002, the government launched the initial mandate for 5 percent ethanol blending (E5) in petrol in selected states.
• This was the beginning of India’s formal ethanol–petrol blending policy.
2. Expansion — Manmohan Singh Government (UPA)
• Under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, the programme was expanded significantly.
• The UPA government extended 5percent blending to more states.
• In 2013, the UPA introduced a major policy step allowing 10 percent ethanol blending (E10), which laid the foundation for higher blending targets later.
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