📜 From Jesus to Martin Luther: The Origins, Founding, and Co
📜 From Jesus to Martin Luther: The Origins, Founding, and Complete History of Catholic, Christianity and Protestant.
👑 1) Time of the Roman Empire (Background)
🏛️ Tiberius
* 📅 Reign: 14 AD – 37 AD
* Rome was the largest empire in the world
* The Middle East (Judea) was under Roman control
👉 Rome mainly focused on:
* Law
* Taxes
* Military
* Controlling rebellions
🌍 2) Judea (Ground Reality)
📍 Judea
* A province of the Roman Empire
* Roughly today’s Israel/Palestine region
* Most people there were Jewish
✡️ Jewish society:
* Believed in one God
* The Temple in Jerusalem was the holiest place
* Priests and the High Priest managed religious life
✝️ 3) Arrival of Jesus
👤 Jesus
* 📅 Birth: approximately 6–4 BCE
* Born in Bethlehem
* Raised in a Jewish family
6–4 BCE: Birth
~27–30 AD: Public ministry begins
~30–33 AD: Crucifixion and death
🧠 His message:
* A true relationship with God
* Mercy, love, and forgiveness
* Opposition to hypocrisy
* Emphasis on inner purity
⚠️ 4) Why Did Conflict Begin?
✡️ Concerns of Jewish religious leaders:
* They believed the Messiah had not yet come
* There was disagreement about accepting Jesus as the Messiah
* Some thought:
👉 Jesus was challenging traditional religious practices
🏛️ Roman concern:
* Rome was not worried about religion itself, but about rebellion
* Large crowds = possible political risk
⚖️ 5) Arrest and Death
👤 Pontius Pilate
📅 Around 30–33 AD
* Jesus was arrested
* A trial took place
* He was sentenced to crucifixion
👉 Crucifixion was a Roman punishment system
🕊️ 6) Peter and the Beginning
👤 Saint Peter
📅 Around 30–60 AD
* Peter was one of Jesus’ disciples (and was Jewish)
* After Jesus’ death he proclaimed:
👉 “Jesus is the Messiah.”
🧠 What he did:
* Spread the message
* Organized small groups
* Started a faith-based movement
👉 This is where Christianity began as a small community
⛪ 7) Spread of Christianity (0–300 AD)
📅 1st–3rd Century AD
* Christianity slowly spread throughout the Roman Empire
* Early Christians experienced:
* Persecution
* Punishment
* Execution
👑 8) Major Change (Legalization)
👑 Constantine I
📅 313 AD
Edict of Milan
👉 Christianity became legal
Effects:
* The Church could spread openly
* Influence in Rome increased
🏛️ 9) Formation of the Roman Catholic Church
📅 Around 4th–5th century AD (300–500 AD)
* Christianity became more organized
* The Bishop of Rome became increasingly powerful
👉 Gradually developed into:
⛪ Roman Catholic Church
Features included:
* The Pope system
* Church hierarchy
* Religious authority structure
⚠️ 10) Middle Ages (1000–1500 AD)
Problems:
* The Church became extremely powerful
* In some places there were:
* Indulgences (forgiveness connected with payments)
* Corruption
* Political influence
* The Bible was not easily accessible to ordinary people
🔥 11) Martin Luther’s Protest
👤 Martin Luther
📅 1517 AD
* He wrote the Ninety-five Theses
What he opposed:
❌ Salvation cannot be bought with money
❌ Indulgences are wrong
✔ Faith and God’s grace are necessary
✔ The Bible is the highest authority
⚡ 12) Result: Protestant Reformation
* A major split occurred in the Church
* Christianity divided into:
* Roman Catholic Church
* Protestant Churches
🧠 COMPLETE FLOW (Very Simple)
📍 Rome rules Judea
→ ✝️ Jesus teaches spirituality
→ ⚖️ Crucifixion (30–33 AD)
→ 🕊️ Peter spreads the message
→ ⛪ Christianity grows
→ 👑 Constantine legalizes Christianity (313 AD)
→ 🏛️ Catholic Church develops (300–500 AD)
→ ⚠️ corruption issues emerge
→ 🔥 Martin Luther reforms (1517 AD)
⌛️About Saint Peter as the First Pope
Saint Peter is considered the first Pope in Roman Catholic tradition.
⚠️ Important clarification:
* The title “Pope” did not officially exist in Peter’s time
* The term “Pope” (Latin: Papa) developed later
👉 However, Catholic belief holds that:
* Peter was the first Bishop of Rome
* The papal system traces its beginning to him
👉 According to Roman Catholic tradition, Saint Peter is considered the first Pope, although the official title was not used during his lifetime.
Jewish View Today
✡️ About Jesus and Christianity:
* Jews generally do not accept Jesus as the Son of God or Messiah
* They do not follow the Roman Catholic Church
* They follow Judaism
* They believe in one God
About Christianity:
* Christianity is viewed as a separate religion
* Jesus may be viewed as a historical figure or teacher, but not as a central religious figure
👉 Judaism, Christianity, and the Roman Catholic Church have different beliefs and are distinct traditions.
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